I. Wayan Gede Sedana Yoga1*, I. Ketut Satriawan1, Dwi Putra Darmawan2 and I. Wayan Arnata1
1Agroindustrial Technology Study Program, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, Badung (80361), Bali, Indonesia. 2Doctoral Study Program (S3) Agricultural Science, Faculty Of Agriculture, Udayana University, Badung (80361), Bali, Indonesia. Corresponding e-mail: sedanayoga@unud.ac.id
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i04.138
Key words: supply chain management, House of Risk, arabica coffee, environmental impact, carbon sequestration
Abstract: Coffee serves as a vital agro-industrial commodity integral to the regional economy. However, the extensive production process presents a range of risks and environmental impacts that require attention. This study analyzes risk events, sources, and mitigation strategies within the coffee supply chain while evaluating the environmental impact of processing Kintamani Arabica Coffee. The research involved several stages: determining samples (using stratified random sampling based on farm size and productivity criteria), identifying specific risks, analyzing those risks, evaluating, and prioritizing mitigation measures. The study employed Failure Mode and Effects Analysis for risk identification and the House of Risk method for risk mitigation (using a clearly justified correlation scale: 0, 1, 3, 9). An environmental impact analysis assessed greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4) from coffee processing based on the latest IPCC AR6 Global Warming Potential (GWP) values. The findings revealed 34 risk events linked to 66 distinct risk sources, leading to the prioritization of 45 risk sources for mitigation. The primary risk sources identified included unpredictable weather, climate, and inadequate maintenance practices. Proposed risk mitigation strategies include developing an early detection system for climate change, conducting demand forecasting, enhancing collaboration and partnerships, creating competitive advantages, and utilizing digital markets (explicitly addressing risks related to high market competition). The greenhouse gas emissions during coffee production and primary processing amount to 13.59 kg CO2-eq/kg (updated based on IPCC AR6 standards), with mitigation measures such as canopy tree planting (M13) potentially offsetting these emissions through carbon sequestration.
Emilio Hernández1, Marysol Aceituno-Medina2, Jorge Toledo3, Landy Fabiola Barrientos-Soto1, Juan Díaz-Velázquez1, Carlos Gumaro García-Castillo1, Salvador Flores4 and Pedro Rene Bodegas-Valera1
1Escuela de Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas. Blvd. Dr. Manuel Velasco Suárez esq, Blvd. Akishino, Unidad Habitacional INFONAVIT Solidaridad 2000. CP 30798. Tapachula, Chiapas. 2Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). Calle Bravo Murillo No. 38. Madrid, 28015, España. 3Departamento de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Carret. Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700 México. 4Programa Nacional de Moscas de la Fruta SADER-SENASICA, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas. Corresponding e-mail: emilio.hernandez@unach.mx
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i03.62
Key words: Mexican fruit fly, phytosanitary treatment, hot water immersion.
Abstract: Hydrocooling (HYC) after hot-water treatment (HWT) eliminates fruit fly larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and reduces the negative impact of HWT on mangoes. For HWT to be effective, the mangoes must be hydrocooled within 30 minutes after completing the HWT. If HYC is applied immediately after the HWT, an additional 10 minutes must be added to the hot water immersion to ensure larvae mortality. This experiment tested the effect of the HYC time (0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes) and HYC temperature (15.5, 21.1, 26.6, and 32.2 °C) on the survival of third-instar Anastrepha ludens and the quality of the mangoes. The mango varieties studied were cv. ´Ataulfo´ (weight < 425 g) and ´Tommy Atkins´ (weight < 500 g). The heating curves showed that the pulp reached 45°C by the end of the HWT in all cases. Treatments at temperatures between 46.4°C and 47.0°C, along with treatments at 15.5 to 21.1 °C, were effective for both mango varieties, with no survivors of third-instar A. ludens. We also noticed that the HWT produce a uniform colour in mature fruits.
C.B. Siddu*, Channabasava, P. Ganesh, B. Susmitha, M.P. Kalpana, A. Mohan Rao and S. Ramesh
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru - 560065, Karnataka, India. Corresponding e-mail: siddubc16@gmail.com
Abstract: As is true in other crops, selection for quantitative traits such as fruit yield is less effective in chilli, as it is a quantitatively inherited trait controlled by a large number of genes with a large genotype-by-environment interaction. Furthermore, assessing fruit yield is a laborious and time-consuming process based on destructive sampling. The identification of non-destructive, field-assayable proxy or surrogate traits is most likely to enhance the effectiveness of selection for fruit yield. The proxy traits should not only be highly correlated with fruit yield but also be highly heritable. Under these premises, the present study aimed to identify field-assayable, highly heritable traits with a significant correlation with green fruit yield. Ten eight parents’ derived multi-parent (MP) populations were developed from 16 diverse chilli genotypes. These populations were evaluated in experimental plots at the University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Bangalore. The data were recorded on six quantitative traits, namely plant height, fruit length, fruit width, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, and green fruit yield per plant. The correlation coefficients of the five traits with green fruit yield per plant were estimated. Results showed considerable genetic variability in all the populations for fruits plant-1, average fruit weight, and green fruit yield plant-1. These traits were also highly heritable with high expected genetic advance. However, two of these traits, namely plant height and fruit yield, were significantly correlated with a high magnitude. These two traits, being easily assayed in the field without destructive sampling, could be reliably used as proxies for fruit yield per plant in chilli.
1ICAR-National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim, India. 2Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Sikkim, India. 3ICAR-Directorate of Floricultural Research, Regional Station, Vemagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India. 4Department of Horticulture, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India. 5ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong. Corresponding e-mail: lsharma@cus.ac.in, siddssac20475@gmail.com
Abstract: Diplomeris hirsuta, a medicinally important yet threatened terrestrial orchid species, is vulnerable to extinction as per the IUCN Red List. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different pollination methods on D. hirsuta seed viability, seed germination in tissue culture media and their subsequent plant growth. A field experiment (on pollination systems) conducted in North Sikkim, Phamtam, revealed significant positive effects of different pollination treatments on capsule formation, with induced xenogamy demonstrating superior results. Cross-pollination techniques, particularly induced xenogamy, increased the percentage of capsule formation by 190% and enhanced capsule dimensions compared to natural pollination methods. Induced xenogamy resulted in seeds with higher viability (85.7% higher) and germination rates (737% higher), contributing to the better vigour and growth of D. hirsuta offspring compared to the control treatment, with the most promising results in BM-1 terrestrial media. Tissue culture experiments with BM-1 terrestrial media demonstrated the most successful seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Thus, induced xenogamy treatment can be recommended for improving capsule formation, seed viability, and seed germination of D. hirsuta orchids. Additionally, BM-1 terrestrial media can be used for the successful mass multiplication of these orchids.
Ranjini Tantry Nagesh1*, Niral Vittal, B.A. Jerard 1, Samsudeen Kukkamgai1 and Gayatri, U. Karkera1
ICAR- Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod- 671124, Kerala, India. Corresponding e-mail: ranjini.tantry@icar. gov.in; ranjini.tantry@gmail.com
Abstract: A comparative analysis was conducted to characterize the pink-husked type in the San Ramon Tall (SNRT) coconut population. In terms of floral traits, the pink-husked palms produced two types of male flowers, distinguished by their dark pink and yellow anther filaments, while no differences were observed in the size of male flowers compared to the non-pink-husked SNRT palms. Additionally, no significant differences were found in the quantitative and qualitative traits of tender nuts and their water between the pink-husked and non-pink-husked SNRT palms. Biochemical analysis of the leaf and husk tissues revealed that pink-husked palms contained notably higher levels of phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins compared to the non-pink-husked palms. Phenol content was measured at 9.24 mg GAE/g in leaves and 22.22 mg GAE/g in the mesocarp of 7-month-old fruits for pink-husked palms, compared to 7.85 mg GAE/g in leaves and 19.56 mg GAE/g in the mesocarp of non-pink-husked palms. Similarly, flavonoid levels in pink-husked palms were 19.69 mg QE/g in leaves and 37.20 mg QE/g in mesocarp tissues, compared to 18.11 mg QE/g in leaves and 34.51 mg QE/g in husk tissues of non-pink types. Anthocyanin content was also higher in pink-husked palms, measuring 8.50 mg/100g in leaves and 13.89 mg/100g in mesocarp of 7-month-old fruits, while non-pink types recorded only 6.69 mg/100g in leaves and 2.74 mg/100g in mesocarp. Notably, in 4-month-old pink-husked fruits, phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin levels were 26.64 mg GAE/g, 38.79 mg QE/g, and 17.59 mg/100g, respectively, which were higher than the levels recorded in 7-month-old pink-husked fruits. This study suggests that pink-husked coconuts are a valuable source of phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, contributing to human health. These findings underscore their potential in breeding programs, providing a distinctive marker for creating new, visually appealing coconut varieties with higher bioactive compounds.
S. Saranya1 and M. Rafeekher2
1Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani. 2Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani
Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, to investigate the impact of various weed control treatments on weed growth and okra production. Weed management is a significant challenge in organic okra farming, often relying on labour-intensive and environmentally harmful mechanical methods. This study explored the herbicidal properties of organic products, including coconut vinegar made from coconut water, Cashew nut shell Liquid and clove leaf oil. These products were evaluated in conjunction with other organic weed management strategies, including the stale seedbed technique, mango leaf mulching, and hand-weeding. The results showed that coconut vinegar herbicide (CVH) with 12.5% acetic acid was the most effective concentration for weed management. Its herbicidal properties were further enhanced when mixed with 4% clove leaf oil (Clove leaf oil herbicide - CLOH). In organic okra cultivation, CLOH with 4% clove leaf oil showed better growth and yield characteristics than those achieved through hand-weeding. The most cost-effective option among the treatments was single-spray CLOH, which achieved the highest benefit-cost (B:C) ratio of 1.54, providing a financially viable alternative to labour-intensive hand-weeding.
P. Amrutha1*, E.T. Jojy1, J.M. Johnson1, A. Paul3, S. Sarada 4, A. Sajeena5, N.V. Radhakrishnan1 and S. Alex6
1Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani (Kerala Agricultural University) 695522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. 2Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu. 3AINP on Pesticide Residue, College of Agriculture (Kerala Agricultural University) 695522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. 4Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 695522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. 5Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695002. 6Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, 695522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Corresponding e-mail: amruthapvijayan8@gmail.com, amrutha@karunya.edu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i03.67
Key words: P. indica, vegetable cowpea, fungicide residue, dissipation, half-life
Abstract: Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is a major fungal disease of vegetable cowpea that affects the leaves, stems, petioles, flowers, and pods, leading to considerable yield loss. Modern fungicides, including strobilurins and triazoles, are frequently used to control this disease. Additionally, Piriformospora indica, a beneficial root endophytic fungus, is commonly utilized in plants of varied genera for its disease-suppressing effects and its capacity to enhance plant growth. The present study investigated the application of P. indica-compatible fungicides (trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and carbendazim) on colonized plants to assess their combined effect on anthracnose management under pot culture conditions. Additionally, fungicide residue on the leaves was analyzed using the QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method, and degradation percentages were calculated to determine whether P. indica contributes to the reduction of residue buildup. P. indica-colonization, along with spraying of trifloxystrobin 25 % + tebuconazole 18.3 % SC and carbendazim 50 % WP brought down the anthracnose infection by 86.67 and 84.56 per cent in vegetable cowpea seedlings. Residue analysis in P. indica colonised plants showed a higher degradation of 84.83%, 88.25%, and 89.32% with respect to tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, and carbendazim, and 68.35%, 75.14%, and 76.64% in controls, respectively. The initial deposition of fungicides was lesser in colonized plants. P. indica colonisation also reduced the half-life to 7.57, 7.12, and 7.19 days in response to 12.35, 10.05, and 9.63 days in control plants. Therefore, it was inferred that P. indica reduces the residue build-up in vegetable cowpea by enhancing the degradation percentage.
Saikat Biswas1*, Pritam Mondal1, Rupa Das2, Soumik Dey1, Siddhartha Mukherjee1 and Soumyajit Mondal1
1Division of Agriculture, Faculty Centre of Agriculture, Rural and Tribal Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ranchi-834008, India. 2Faculty of Agriculture, Usha Martin University, Angara, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835103, India. Corresponding e-mail: Sbsaikatbiswas27@gmail.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i03.68
Key words: Baby corn and garden pea, economics and yield, intercropping, Kunapajala, liquid manure
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ranchi, during the winters of 2022-23 and 2023-24 to study the influence of liquid manures on crops under sole and intercropping systems of baby corn and garden peas. The experiment was placed in split plot design using 4 cropping systems in main plot (CS1: sole baby corn, CS2: sole garden pea, CS3: intercropping of baby corn and garden pea (1:1), CS4: intercropping of baby corn and garden pea (2:1)) and 4 liquid manure options in subplot (M1: control or no liquid manure, M2: Jiwamrit @ 10 %, M3: Kunapajala @ 10 %, M4: Panchagavya @ 10 %), replicated thrice. Pooled results indicated that the intercropping system of baby corn and garden pea, especially at a 1:1 ratio, grown using Kunapajala at 10% ensured the highest growth, yield attributes, and cob yield (2.09 t/ha) of baby corn over sole cropping. However, sole cropping grown using Kunapajala at 10% was found to be the best in realising the highest growth, yield attributes, seed yield (80.0 q/ha), and pod yield (145.5 q/ha) of garden peas over intercropping systems. Among the intercropping systems, 1:1 intercropping system of baby corn and garden pea performed better than 2:1 intercropping system. Further, among different intercropping systems, spraying of Kunapajala @ 10 % at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing in 1:1 intercropping system of baby corn and garden pea ensured best system cob equivalent yield (4.17 t/ha), 60% yield advantage and high economic profitability (B:C of 6.06) and therefore, farmers of eastern plateau and hill zone of India can be benefitted by growing this intercropping system with the use of Kunapajala @ 10 %.
Susan Subba1*, Aditi Chakraborty1, Binayak Chakraborty1, Sarad Gurung1, Moumita Chakraborty2 and Somnath Mandal3
1Department of Pomology and Post-Harvest Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal – 736165, India. 2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal – 736165, India. 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal–736165, India. Corresponding author Corresponding e-mail: susanhorti19@gmail.com
Abstract: An experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 at the tissue culture laboratory, micro-propagation unit, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, West Bengal, to observe the seed germination behaviour and standardise the seedling rootstock for in vitro shoot-tip grafting. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomised design with three replications, comprising eight different citrus rootstocks (viz., NRCC 1, 2, 3, 4, Rough lemon, Rangpur lime, Pummelo, and Mandarin) as a control treatment, which were cultured in Murashige and Skoog basal media. Seeds were treated with Tween 80 for 15 minutes, followed by bavistin 500 mg for 1 hour, plantomycin 50 mg for 10 minutes, and mercuric chloride 100 mg for 2 minutes before inoculation to remove toxic residues from the seeds and also to prevent fungal and bacterial contamination. Seeds were thoroughly washed with double-distilled water three times after each treatment. In each treatment, 100 seeds were inoculated, with five seeds per jam bottle. The results showed that Rough lemon had the highest seed germination rate (81.84%), followed by NRCC 4 (81.41%). The first sprouting of seed was observed in pummelo (5.49 days) followed by rangpur lime (5.59 days). The minimum days required for 50% seed sprouting were observed in NRCC 4 (7.47 days) and Mandarin (7.93 days). The minimum average number of days required for seed germination was observed in NRCC 3 (13.13), followed by NRCC 2. The germination index was found to be highest in NRCC 4 (59.00%), followed by NRCC 2 (44.16%). The polyembryony rate was observed to be highest in Mandarin (24.19%) and Rangpur lime (16.29%). The highest number of leaves was observed in rough lemon, pummelo and NRCC 4 (2.67). Rootstocks such as rough lemon, NRCC 4, pummelo, and rangpur lime have shown potential for in vitro shoot-tip grafting.
B.V. Sinchana1, S. Ramesh1*, D. Sindhu2, G. Basanagouda4, C.B. Siddu3, M.P. Kalpana1, T. Lakshmi Pathy1 and V Prashantha1.
1University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 2Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. 3ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. 4Central Silk Board (CSB), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Corresponding e-mail: ramesh_uasb@rediffmail.com
Abstract: In hybrid crop breeding programmes, the choice of tester is vital for efficient selection of experimental inbred lines for their potential in hybrid combinations. To identify such testers, 10 bitter gourd advanced breeding lines (ABLs) were crossed to five candidate testers. The resulting test cross (TC) hybrids were field-evaluated for fruit yield, fruit diameter, and fruit length in a two-replicated alpha-lattice design. Four criteria, namely (i) accuracy of ranking the ABLs, (ii) discrimination of the ABLs, (iii) high trait mean of TC hybrids and (iv) the high magnitude of gca effects, individually and in combination, were used to identify most suitable tester(s). The estimates of the correlation between ranks assigned to TC hybrids derived from each tester and those assigned to the TC hybrid mean of all five testers were used as statistics to quantify the accuracy of ranking ABLs by testers. The variance of TC hybrids derived from each tester was used as a statistic to quantify the ability of testers to discriminate the ABLs. The most suitable tester varied according to the criteria as well as the trait. Based on all four criteria, 83-031, 83-028 and 83-016 were identified as the most suitable testers for fruit yield, fruit diameter and fruit length. These testers are suggested for evaluating the performance of new experimental inbred lines developed from F2/backcross breeding populations derived from parents belonging to the same heterotic group and/or from any genetically variable source populations.
Abiyu E. Molla1, Tigist D. Asnake1, Zelalem G. Tarekegn1 and Animut M. Andualem2
1Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. 2Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P. O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Corresponding e-mail: animutmekuriaw39@gmail.com
Abstract: Potato is the most important tuber crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is restricted by inapt intra- and inter-row spacing. This study aimed to assess the effects of intra- and inter-row spacing on potato growth and yield. The experiment utilized three intra-row spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) and three inter-row spacings (60, 70, and 80 cm) within a completely randomized block design. Irrigation was applied throughout the entire experiment. Data were analyzed using R software version 1.2. The result revealed that intra- and inter-row spacing significantly impacted different features of the crop. A bigger inter-row spacing (80 cm) was comparatively better for growth parameters, but a closer intra-row spacing (20 cm) was better for yield components. A higher total yield (34 t ha-1 ) was obtained with 20 cm × 80 cm spacing. Overall, potato cultivators are advised to employ a 20 cm × 80 cm spacing under irrigation, and further research should be conducted on the effects of spacing.
Tanya Thakur and Arushi Garg*
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Pin code- 141004 India. Corresponding e-mail: Azflori29@gmail.com
Abstract: Snapdragon, belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, is a hardy plant, but the unfavourable seed storage conditions can fluctuate the timing of flowering, which is a key factor in floriculture. Seed physiology, morphology and environmental conditions significantly influence the germination of ornamental plants, while improper handling and processing reduce seed emergence. This study investigates the effects of different seed storage temperatures (0, 4, 6, and 8 °C) and durations (30, 45, and 60 days) on seed germination, seedling traits, and flowering time of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus). The results concluded that seeds stored at 4°C for 60 days showed early seed germination (2.67 days) and maximum seed germination percentage (93.33 %). The treatment also led to early flowering, 30 days earlier than the control. Therefore, storing antirrhinum seeds at 4°C for 60 days enhances seed germination, resulting in improved seedling traits and early flowering, and provides valuable insights for optimising cultivation practices in floriculture.
Kanimozhi Chakrapani1* and B. Kalpana2
1Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Baburayanpettai, Chengalpattu District- 603 201, Tamil Nadu, India. 2School of Public Health, SRM Medicine and Health Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District- 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India Corresponding e-mail: kanimozc@srmist.edu.in, kalpanab@srmist.edu.in
Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of horticultural crops as natural stimulants in overcoming sleep deprivation issues among healthcare professionals. The research approach used for the study is a static group pre-test and post-test design, with 60 nursing professionals grouped into an HT (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The experimental group was exposed to natural stimulants in the form of indoor plants as a visual stimulant, lavender as a smell stimulant, and chamomile as a taste stimulant, and achieved better results in physiological measures (Blood pressure and heart rate) and the sleep quality index. The pre-test value for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index indicated a sleep deprivation score of 10.72±1.53 during the pre-test, and it improved the sleep level with a post-test value of 6.66±0.95. The drop in blood pressure, as measured by systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, has been a positive sign of the effectiveness of horticultural therapeutic approaches, with a P-value of 0.01, indicating significance at the 1% level. The subjective feedback indicates that the combination effect of all three stimulants, followed by the lavender plant as a smell stimulant, has achieved a more satisfactory level. As the results signify the healing effect of the plants on healthcare professionals' sleep issues, it paves the way for exploring more horticultural crops as sensory stimulants in terms of their influencing aromatic properties, texture, fragrance, and appeal. The first-line sleep issues can be addressed sustainably by utilizing horticulture plants as stimulants, which are safer, more accessible, and cost-effective.
Hassan A.A. Mohamed*, Ahmed M.A. Mahmoud, Khaled E.A. Abdel-Ati and Ahmed A. Hassan
Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12613, Giza, Egypt. Corresponding e-mail: hassan.a.mohamed@agr.cu.edu.eg
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2025.v27i03.74
Key words: Begomovirus, yield components, fruit quality, Solanum lycopersicum.
Abstract: Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD), caused by the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), poses a significant threat to global tomato production, making resistance breeding a crucial endeavour. This study evaluated 17 tomato lines (TLs; F6 and F7) derived from F1 hybrids ‘65010’, ‘Nairouz’,‘Tyrmes’ and ‘SVTD8320’ for 14 traits related to TYLCD resistance, yield, and fruit quality under natural whitefly-mediated inoculation during the 2022 and 2023 fall seasons. TLs demonstrated high TYLCD tolerance, characterised by low symptom severity and viral replication, and successfully detected symptomless plants using TEM scanning. TLs demonstrated high TYLCD tolerance, accompanied by low symptom severity. TL1, TL5, TL6, and TL7 showed the lowest TYLCV-mean scores, ranging from 1.00 to 1.66 at 45 and 90 DAT. In contrast, susceptible ‘Castlerock’ had significantly higher TYLCD-mean scores (3.00 to 4.60). The highest total yield (g/plant) was for TL6 followed by TL5, TL1, TL7, and TL8, ranging from 3698.33 to 4413.33, while ‘Castlerock’ recorded the lowest value for yield ranging from 146.33 to 370.00. Climatic conditions may play a role in the differences in fruit quality traits of TLs, particularly the number of fruit locules, flesh thickness, and contents of vitamin C and lycopene, which varied between seasons, with higher temperatures and lower precipitation in the second season compared to the first.
V. Thakur1, D. Mal1*, S.K. Gharde2, K. Soga1 and V. Dhaliwal1
1Department of Vegetable Science, Lovely Professional University, School of Agriculture, Punjab- 144411, India. 2Department of Entomology, Lovely Professional University, School of Agriculture, Punjab- 144411, India. Corresponding e-mail: tvishal736@gmail.com
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at the main Agricultural Research Field of Lovely Professional University in Phagwara, Punjab, from July 2023 to 2024 to analyze the residues of synthetic insecticides in soil samples from a brinjal field using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The treatment consists of synthetic pesticides applied at recommended dosages: T0: Control (water-spray), T1: Cartap-hydrochloride (50% SP) at 500 g a.i. ha-1, T2: Chlorpyrifos (20% EC) at 200 g a.i. ha-1, T3: Deltamethrin (2.8% EC) at 15 g a.i. ha-1. The results were compared to the FAO and EU maximum residue limits (MRL). The findings indicated that T1 showed the highest initial deposit (1.15 mg/kg), followed by T2 (0.62 mg/kg). The percent dissipation rates were 91.08%, 79.60%, and 76.46% on the seventh, fifth, and third days after applying T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The degradation of different insecticidal treatment residues was observed between three to seven days after application. The results concluded that the residues of these synthetic insecticides dissipated quickly, leaving no detectable traces in soil.
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