Exploration of genetic variability in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) accessions based on agronomic traits and DUS characterization

Abstract:

The present study aimed to characterize okra accessions for morphological agronomic traits to identify promising accessions with high quality and market value for successful utilization in future breeding programmes. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Ullal, belonging to the coastal zone of Karnataka, during 2023-24. Sixty-two distinct accessions, including three potential genotypes, Halu bhindi, Phule Vimukta and Radhika, were planted in randomized complete block design with two replications. Observations were recorded on 25 morphological traits, following the DUS characteristics of the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, and on six agronomic traits. Mean performance and ANOVA for 62 okra accessions revealed highly significant variation in GCV and PCV, coupled with high heritability, and GAM was recorded for all the agronomic traits, indicating the scope for achieving high genetic gain from selection. Halu Bhindi­­—white velvet okra, a popular local genotype, was identified as a promising variety for fruit length, fruit weight, and yield per plant, indicating potential for its utilization in a breeding programme to develop high-yielding okra genotypes. K-means clustering identified 10 distinct phenotypic clusters. A dendrogram generated by hierarchical clustering of okra accessions using UPGMA analysis showed high diversity among 62 accessions. Halu Bhindi was highly diverse across all accessions, forming an entirely distinct cluster, indicating the diverse nature of this genotype. The present investigation provides valuable insights into okra breeding, germplasm conservation, and genetic research to enhance sustainability and improve this nutritive vegetable crop of commercial value.

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